class: title-slide, left, bottom # 데이터 과학자의 세계 ---- ## **당신은 왕입니까?** ### 이광춘 / 한국 알(R) 사용자회 ### 2022-07-23 --- class: inverse, middle name: intro-toc # 발표 개요 ---- .pull-left[ 코딩, 즉 컴퓨팅 사고력은 **.green[자동화(Automation)와 추상화(Abstraction)]** 두 축으로 하고 있고, 데이터 과학은 **.warmyellow[데이터]** 와 **.warmyellow[과학]**을 합친 단어입니다. 수학은 연역적인 사고를 근간으로 하는 반면 통계(데이터)는 **.red[귀납적 사고를]** 근간으로 하고 있어 수 많은 데이터에서 일반적인 규칙을 찾아내는 작업과 이를 사람들에게 제대로 알리기 위해 시각화를 많이 합니다. ] .pull-right[ .left[ 1\. [19세기 영국 코로나19](#studuent-cholera) 2\. [왜 손씻게 되었나?](#student-handwashing) 3\. [내 신체정보 (정규분포)](#student-normal) 4\. [나폴레옹 러시아 침공](#student-mirad) 5\. [백의천사 나이팅게일](#student-nightingale) 6\. [제2차 세계대전 폭격기](#student-aircraft) 7\. [마무리](#student-goodbye) ] ] <!--end of right-column--> - [한국통계학회 소식지 2019년 10월호 ](https://statkclee.github.io/ds-authoring/ds-stat-tidyverse.html) <!-------------------------- 1. 도구 -----------------------------------------> --- name: computer # 컴퓨터 - 데이터(통계) .panelset[ .panel[.panel-name[높이 1,000 미터 ] .center[ <img src="fig/computer-01.png" alt="컴퓨터 01" width="80%" /> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[높이 100 미터 ] .center[ <img src="fig/computer-02.png" alt="컴퓨터 02" width="100%" /> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[높이 10 미터 ] .center[ <img src="fig/computer-03.png" alt="컴퓨터 03" width="80%" /> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[높이 1 미터 ] .center[ <br> <br> <img src="fig/computer-04.png" alt="컴퓨터 04" width="100%" /> ] ] ] --- name: ds-world # 왕의 학문 - 통계학 - 왕(국가)이 기원전 3,050년 피라미드 건립을 위해 **인구조사(센서스)** 기록 - 근대 **국가운영**을 위해 인구, 출생, 사망, 실업자수, 세금 수입, 지출, 수입과 수출 등 자료가 필요 - **통계학(Statistics)**는 라틴어 ~~`Status`~~ 정치국가(Political State) 를 의미 .center[ <img src="fig/statistics-google.png" alt="통계" width="80%" /> ] --- name: ds-world-career # 디지털 시대 시민 역량 - 코딩 <br> .center[ <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/t346si4gy_M" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> ] .footnote[ [EBS, "코딩, 소프트웨어 시대 - 조용한 혁명"](https://statkclee.github.io/viz/viz-worldcup-germany.html) ] --- name: ds-world-career-data # 디지털 시대 시민 역량 - 데이터 리터러시 .center[ <img src="fig/human-evolution.png" alt="월드컵" width="90%" /> ] .footnote[ [뉴욕타임즈(2014), "Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, and Lately, Coding"](http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/11/us/reading-writing-arithmetic-and-lately-coding.html) ] --- name: ds-world-career-data # 디지털 시대 시민 역량 - 세무사 <br> <br> <br> .center[ <img src="fig/tax-preparation.png" alt="세무 업무 변천사" width="90%" /> ] .footnote[ [이광춘, "로봇 자동화가 빼앗는 일자리 그리고 나" 분당 서현 청소년 수련관, 2019년 12월 4일(수)](http://aispiration.com/ds-authoring/ds-bundang-2019.html) ] --- name: case-study-worldcup ## [실제 사례] 러시아 월드컵 (독일전) <br> .center[ <img src="fig/worldcup.gif" alt="월드컵" width="80%" /> ] .footnote[ [러시아 월드컵(2018) - 한국 vs 독일](https://statkclee.github.io/viz/viz-worldcup-germany.html) ] --- name: student-cholera # 1854년 런던 코로나19 .panelset[ .panel[.panel-name[팬데믹] .center[ <img src="fig/1024px-Punch-A_Court_for_King_Cholera.png" alt="팬데믹" width="60%" /> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[데이터-1] .center[ <img src="fig/snow-cholera-map.jpg" alt="존 스노우 콜레라 지도" width="60%" /> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[데이터-2] .center[ <div id="htmlwidget-f23730aa01280441f8aa" class="reactable html-widget" style="width:auto;height:auto;"></div> <script type="application/json" 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picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> ] ] ] .footnote[ - [1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1854_Broad_Street_cholera_outbreak) ] --- name: case-study-earthquake ## [실제 사례] 지진해일 대피소 <br> .center[ <img src="fig/earthquake.png" alt="월드컵" width="80%" /> ] .footnote[ [xwMOOC (2018-01-17), "지진해일 대피소 - crosstalk"](https://statkclee.github.io/viz/viz-earthquake-shelter.html) ] --- name: student-handwashing # 손씻기 역사 .panelset[ .panel[.panel-name[출생사망] .center[ <img src="fig/hand-washing.jpeg" alt="통계" width="90%" /> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[데이터] .pull-left[ **연도별** <div id="htmlwidget-c32f8016ce7e79352999" class="reactable html-widget" style="width:auto;height:auto;"></div> <script type="application/json" 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] ] .panel[.panel-name[병원별 비교] <img src="ds-world-student_files/figure-html/data-science-hand-washing-viz-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] .panel[.panel-name[시간별 비교] <img src="ds-world-student_files/figure-html/data-science-hand-washing-before-after-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] .panel[.panel-name[사망율 분포] <img src="ds-world-student_files/figure-html/handwashing-rate-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] .panel[.panel-name[통계검정] <br> <br> | statistic| p.value| parameter| conf.low| conf.high|method |alternative | |---------:|-------:|---------:|----------:|----------:|:-----------------------|:-----------| | -9.610071| 0| 92.43544| -0.1013066| -0.0666066|Welch Two Sample t-test |two.sided | ] ] .footnote[ - [이광춘, "손씻기 그리고 통계 - 제멜바이스"](http://aispiration.com/statistics/stat-hand-washing.html) ] --- name: tossing-coins # 동전던지기 <br> <br> .pull-left[ <img src = "fig/toss_coin.gif"> ] .pull-right[ <img src = "fig/toss-coins-shiny.jpg"> - [R 앱연결](https://r2bit.shinyapps.io/simulation/) ] .footnote[ - [한국 R 사용자회 - Shiny 앱](https://rpubs.com/statkclee/shiny) ] --- name: student-normal # 정규분포 .panelset[ .panel[.panel-name[골턴 보드] .center[ <img src="fig/galton-board.png" alt="프랜시스 골턴" width="30%" /> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[동영상] <br> .center[ <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EvHiee7gs9Y" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[모의실험] <br> .center[ <iframe width="560" height="315" src="fig/yihui-animation.mp4" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen data-external="1"></iframe> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[실제사례 - 신장] .center[ <img src="fig/육군_신장.png" alt="프랜시스 골턴" width="80%" /> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[미국 대학생 신장] <br> .center[ <img src="fig/normal-in-action.png" alt="실제 정규분포" width="100%" /> ] ] ] .footnote[ - [육군 신체측정정보 : 육군 신체측정 데이터(수시 업데이터)](https://opendata.mnd.go.kr/openinf/sheetview2.jsp?infId=OA-9425) ] --- name: student-mirad # 나폴레옹 러시아 침공 .panelset[ .panel[.panel-name[나폴레옹] <br> .center[ <img src="fig/about_napoleon.png" alt="나폴레옹 러시아 침공" width="100%" /> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[미나르 지도] <br> .center[ <img src="fig/Minard.png" alt="나폴레옹 러시아 침공" width="100%" /> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[실제 침공] <br> .center[ <img src="fig/minard-actual-map.png" alt="나폴레옹 러시아 침공 실제지도" width="100%" /> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[데이터] .pull-left[ **생존병사 수** <div id="htmlwidget-506916dfc02dd6dc26e7" class="reactable html-widget" style="width:auto;height:auto;"></div> <script type="application/json" 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<img src="fig/나폴레옹_러시아.png" alt="나폴레옹 러시아 침공" width="80%" /> ] ] ] .footnote[ [Re-Visions of Minard](https://www.datavis.ca/gallery/re-minard.php) ] --- name: case-study-regression ## [실제 사례] 회귀분석 - MLB 투수 유전자는 유전이 될까? <br> .center[ <img src="fig/major-league.png" alt="MLB 투수 유전자" width="77%" /> ] .footnote[ [회귀분석 - MLB 투수 유전자는 유전이 될까?](https://statkclee.github.io/politics/pe-baseball-era.html) ] --- name: student-nightingale # 나이팅게일 - 백의천사 .panelset[ .panel[.panel-name[나이팅게일] <br> .center[ <img src="fig/nightingale-overview.png" alt="나이팅게일" width="90%" /> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[크림전쟁] <br> .center[ <img src="fig/nightingale-war.png" alt="나이팅게일" width="100%" /> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[데이터] <div id="htmlwidget-5142ca8eeb150aa96576" class="reactable html-widget" style="width:auto;height:auto;"></div> <script type="application/json" 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] .panel[.panel-name[시각화] .center[ <img src="fig/나이팅게일.png" alt="나이팅게일 크림전쟁" width="90%" /> ] ] .footnote[ - [위키백과, "플로렌스 나이팅게일"](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%A1%9C%EB%A0%8C%EC%8A%A4_%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%8C%85%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%BC) - [위키백과, "크림전쟁"](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BC_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81) ] ] --- name: student-aircraft # 폭격 비행기 .panelset[ .panel[.panel-name[세계대전 - 유럽] .center[ <img src="fig/world_war_europe.gif" alt="제2차 세계 대전 - 유럽" width="70%" /> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[세계대전 - 태평양] .center[ <img src="fig/world_war_pacific.gif" alt="제2차 세계 대전 - 태평양" width="70%" /> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[대공포] <br> .center[ <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/48zE-hRAYEA" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[폭격기 데이터] <br> .center[ <img src="fig/Survivorship-bias.png" alt="생존자 편향의 오류" width="70%" /> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[고민] <br> .center[ <img src="fig/hum_meme.jpg" alt="짤" width="50%" /> ] ] .panel[.panel-name[업그레이드] <br> .center[ <img src="fig/survivorship_bias_plane.png" alt="해법" width="90%" /> ] ] ] --- name: automation-paradox # 모라벡의 역설(Moravec’s paradox) <br> .center[ <img src="fig/moravec-paradox.png" width = "87%" /> ] .footnote[ 미국 카네기 멜론 대학 (CMU) 로봇 공학자 한스 모라벡(Hans Moravec)이 1970년대에 컴퓨터와 인간의 능력 차이를 역설적으로 표현 ] --- name: ai-app # 인공지능 앱 <br> .pull-left[ <img src = "fig/ai_app.gif"> <br> <img src = "fig/ai-app-resnet.png"> ] .pull-right[ <img src = "fig/shiny-resnet.jpg"> - [R 앱연결](https://r2bit.shinyapps.io/shiny_resnet/) ] .footnote[ - [20분만에 끝내는 인공지능](https://aispiration.com/united-states/) ] --- name: student-goodbye class: middle, inverse .pull-left[ # **경청해 주셔서 <br>감사합니다.** <br/> ## 한국 R 사용자회 ] .pull-right[ .right[ <img style="border-radius: 100%;" src="fig/bitstat_logo.jpg" width="300px"/> ] ]